How a Plant Builds Leaves

How a plant builds leaves.

A leaf develops from a few cells that grow, divide, and differentiate to form a complex organ that is precisely positioned relative to its neighbors. How cells communicate to achieve such coordinated growth and development is the focus of this review. We discuss (1) how the stem cells within the shoot meristem gain competence to form organs, (2) what determines the positioning and initiation of...

How Erosion Builds Mountains

massive than all human structures combined and are sculpted in greater detail than a Baroque palace. The world’s tallest pinnacle—Mount Everest in the Himalayas— reaches 8,848 meters, or about 15 times higher than anything people have ever built. Not surprisingly, such spectacular topography has evoked awe and inspired artists and adventurers throughout human existence. Recent research has led ...

How language acquisition builds on cognitive development.

When children acquire a first language, they build on what they know--conceptual information that discriminates and helps create categories for the objects, relations and events they experience. This provides the starting point for language from the age of 12 months on. So children first set up conceptual representations, then add linguistic representations for talking about experience. Do they...

Neuroscience. Economic game shows how the brain builds trust.

How the Brain Builds Representations, Predicts Events, and Makes Decisions

Abstracts for talks appear first, in order of presentation; those for posters next, in order of poster session and board number. An index of all authors appears at the back.s for talks appear first, in order of presentation; those for posters next, in order of poster session and board number. An index of all authors appears at the back. T-1. Noise correlations and neural coding Fred Rieke1,2 RI...